Package Managers 2

snap (very good)

The snap package manager is integrated on Ubuntu. It solves dependency problems.

Download & install package

$ sudo snap install <package_name>

apt / apt-get (good)

APT is the standard Ubuntu packet manager. It uses dpkg under the hood. Dependency problems can occur.

Download & install a package

$ sudo apt install <package_name>

APT sources

The APT sources are located in

/etc/apt/sources.list

The default sources.list in Ubuntu

Important: Replace "yakkety" with the codename of your Ubuntu distribution.

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu yakkety partner
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ yakkety-security universe main restricted multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates universe main restricted multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-backports universe main restricted multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-proposed universe main restricted multiverse

dpkg (good)

When you need to install a .deb package you can use DPKG. DPKG is the debian package installer. Dependency problems can occur.

Install a package

$ sudo dpkg -i <package_name>.deb

tar.gz (bad)

A tar.gz file archive cannot be automatically installed. Follow the instructions of the README inside the archive.

Extract an archive

$ tar -xvf <archive_name>.tar

To save disk space and bandwidth over the network all files are saved using compression program such as gzip or bzip2. To extract / unpack a .tar.gz (gzip) file, enter (note -z option):

$ tar -xzvf <archive_name>.tar.gz

Other common extracting options

• -x Extract a tar ball.
• -v Verbose output or show progress while extracting files.
• -f Specify an archive or a tarball filename.
• -j Decompress and extract the contents of the compressed archive created by bzip2 program (tar.bz2 extension).
• -z Decompress and extract the contents of the compressed archive created by gzip program (tar.gz extension).

python-pip (good)

This packaging system is only for python packages. It contains the latest python packages. Other package systems like APT don't always have the latest version available so install your python packages from pip. Note that there are two versions of pip available. One is for Python 2 and the other for Python 3.

Install pip

Python 2

$ sudo apt install python-pip

Python 3

$ sudo apt install python3-pip

Install a package

Python 2

$ sudo pip install <package_name>

Python 3

$ sudo pip3 install <package_name>